Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Wildflowers & plant communities of the southern Appalachian Mountains & Piedmont: a naturalist's guide to the Carolinas, Virginia, Tennessee, & Georgia. "Reproductive trade-offs maintain bract color polymorphism in Scarlet Indian paintbrush ( Castilleja coccinea)". ^ "Castilleja coccinea - Plant Finder".^ "Reports - Wild Species: The General Status of Species in Canada".Maryland Department of Natural Resources. ^ "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants".CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website. ^ "Endangered Threatened and Special Concern Plants".^ "Botany Program - NY Natural Heritage Program".Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. Chapel Hill, NC (University of North Carolina): Not yet published. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (Working draft ed.). ^ "Castilleja coccinea (Indian Paintbrush): Minnesota Wildflowers".^ "Castilleja coccinea (scarlet painted-cup): Go Botany".It is found in prairies, rocky glades, moist and open woodlands, thickets, and along streams. It is native in Canada in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, although it is critically imperiled in Saskatchewan. This species is one of the larval hosts for several types of Checkerspot butterflies and is pollinated by both ruby-throated hummingbirds and several kinds of bees. It is listed as endangered in New York, Connecticut, and Maryland, It is critically imperiled in New Jersey, West Virginia, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, presumed extirpated in Maine and new Hampshire, and possibly extirpated in Louisiana, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. The Scarlet paintbrush is a beautiful prairie plant native to the midwestern and eastern USA. coccinea is native throughout the central and eastern United States, from Oklahoma to the west, Florida to the south, Maine to the east, and the Canadian border to the north. The specific epithet coccinea is Latin for 'red'. The genus name Castilleja is from the 18th-century Spanish botanist, Domingo Castillejo. Ĭastilleja coccinea can be distinguished from other Castilleja of the southeastern US because it has a 2-to-3.5-millimeter (0.08 to 0.14 in) long, thin yellowish or orangish lip on the corolla, the inflorescence bracts are deeply lobed, and the basal rosettes of leaves are usually well-developed. The common names for this plant reflect the showy red bracts, inside of which is the actual greenish-yellow corolla ("flower"). The alternate stem leaves are deeply and irregularly lobed and measure up to 8 cm (3 in) long. The basal leaves are oblong and mostly entire, and usually die before the flowers appear. In its first year, the plant appears as a basal rosette, and in the second year the stem, usually unbranched, rises from the rosette. It is an upright, hairy, 1-to-7-decimeter (3.9 to 27.6 in) tall hemiparasitic plant. It is usually found in prairies, rocky glades, moist and open woodlands, thickets, and along streams in central and eastern North America.
Castilleja coccinea, commonly known as scarlet Indian paintbrush or scarlet painted-cup, is a biennial flowering plant in the Orobanchaceae (broomrape) family.
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